Overview of the Development In the last three books of James' novel, we find that Milly is increasingly
subsumed under the perspectives of Susan and Densher. Indeed, the last portion of
the novel is in many ways a story of the crisis in Densher's conscience. Because, we
follow the remainder of the novel essentially from Densher's view, the actual climax of
the novel is delivered inside the dénouement. Another way of seeing this is that
the climax and dénouement are reversed. Densher's return to London seems to relax tension
even as they slowly build again to the last confrontation between Densher and Kate.
We learn the following:
- How Densher uses sex as a method of power over Kate, and how he grows
to trust Kate less and less.
- How the situation of Milly, and then later her memory, grow more and
more to control Densher.
- How Densher finally forces Kate to make a choice at the end.
- The growth and complication of the symbol of the dove.
- The final unraveling of the connection between economics and
aesthetics.
8.1: We return to Densher's perspective. We see his view of
Milly and of Kate. Kate has a hold on Densher, who is passive and shameful.
She has never done anything that he wanted. He still has real misgivings
about what he is doing and makes excuses for his actions. Milly, on the other hand,
appears as an American girl to him and not as a pricess, yet she is one with real music
and beauty.
8.2: Densher learns of Lord Mark's failed proposal to Milly and
wants sexual proof of Kate's loyalty to him, convincing her to "come to me" in
his lodgings.
8.3: The way in which Densher should treat Milly continues to be
specified by Kate.They attend an evening where Milly is the star. She appears in
white and has an almost sacramental presence. She is a bejeweled dove who spreads
her wings of wealth for protection. During this affair, Densher finally understands
Kate's plan--he is to marry Milly for her money, so that after Milly dies, he may marry
Kate. Densher uses this as a threat to convince Kate to go to bed with him before
she and Maud leave for London.
9.1: Their sexual encounter gives Densher a feeling of control over
Kate. It becomes a kind of mental treasure to him after Kate leaves. But
Densher also becomes ugly to himself because he realizes that Milly invites him each day
to the Palazzo out of selfless care for him. She is merciful, while he is lost. He
continues to visit her, and he reveals that he is not staying in Venice to write a book.
9.2: Densher realizes that whatever he does could kill Milly.
He continues to attend on her for 20 days until he is turned away one day. He
begins to piece together what has happened after he sees Lord Mark in the Piazza. He
realizes that Lord Mark is responsible in some brutish way.
9.3: Susan meets with Densher and announces that Milly has
"turned her face to the wall." Milly is refusing to talk to Susan about it.
Densher realizes that Sir Luke is coming. Susan explains that Lord Mark
arrived under false pretenses, and then he turned about to inform Milly that Densher and
Kate were engaged.
9.4: Densher goes to meet Sir Luke. Densher realizes that he
has been outside Milly's illness, and he begins to feel deeply the effect of Milly upon
him. When Sir Luke returns from the Palazzo, he informs Densher that Milly is
willing to see him again.
10.1: We now move forward several days. Densher has returned
to London and contacted Kate. Densher eventually reveals what has happened and that
he saw Milly one more time before he left. During this time, Densher and Milly went
on as if nothing had changed, and Milly indicated that Densher should leave so as not to
see her deathly sick. Kate teases Densher that he has begun to fall for Milly.
Kate is relieved because she believes that her plan will succeed, for Milly is
still well disposed to Densher and will, thus, leave a large amount to him after her
death.
10.2: Maud now treats Densher differently, and Densher continues to
try to ignore the power of Milly's consciousness on him. He struggles to hold
himself together and meets Kate on a warm Christmas day, Densher wants to marry Kate
as he is without any money.
10.3: They learn that Sir Luke has returned and Milly has died, like
a dove spreading her wings. Kate has left Maud for Christmas to stay with Marian who is
forced to entertain their father. Densher attends a church and settles on a plan.
10.4: He goes to see Kate at Marian's. Densher has received a
letter, which he has left unopened, that Milly postmarked before she died. He wants
to know how Lord Mark knew that he and Kate were engaged.
10.5: Densher has come to distrust Kate, though he still loves her.
Kate opens the letter and learns that Milly has left Densher a large sum of money.
She burns it so that Densher may not read it, which Densher treats as a kind of
sacrifice.
10.6: Two months later, the offer from Milly's New York lawyers
makes it across the Atlantic. Densher proposes that they return the money. Kate
makes excuses. Densher proposes to give all the money to Kate, but she must choose between
him and the money. Kate insists that Densher is now in love with Milly's memory.
Observations on and Questions about Select Passages
284-285--Kate's "poetic" claims don't displace Densher's
misgivings.
286--Milly's music and beauty impact Densher.
293-294: Densher wants sexual proof of Kate's loyalty to him.
298--Densher to be a part of Milly and Susan's picture (like Tasso).
*301--Milly dressed in white has an almost "sacramental"
quality. What is James suggesting by this?
*304--Milly is a pearled, bejeweled dove who spread her wealth like
wings for protection. How has the dove image continued to change? (c/c with 171-172)
308--Densher finally understands the extent of Kate's plan.
Note the almost sexual nature of Densher and Kate's exchange over this.
311-314--Densher forces Kate's hand by threatening to leave in order
to consummate their relationship. He treats the sexual encounter as a treasure of
memory.
316--Milly's mercy vs. Densher's lostness.
318--Densher insists that he will believe in Milly's living.
*329--Why is Densher relieved that Lord Mark was a brute towards
Milly?
334--Note how Susan and Densher agree so closely on their view of
Milly.
*347--Densher realizes that an aesthetic instinct of himself and
others has kept him on the outside of Milly's illness.
360--What does Kate mean by suggesting that Densher has "fallen
in love" with Milly?
*364--Note how Kate has completely submerged her hypocrisy in the
language of love and peace for Milly.
369-370--Densher tries to hold it together as his sense of Milly
continues to take hold of him.
372--Densher sees an announcement of Kate and his marriage as a way
to right all the wrong that has happened.
*377--The dove has spread her wings to die. How does this
develop and alter the dove imagery?
*380--What is the effect of the Oratory upon Densher? Why does
it achieve this effect?
387, 389--Densher growing distrust of Kate
392-394--The opening of Milly's letter. By refusing to
open it, Densher treats it as a sacrifice.
401-402--Densher refuses to touch the money vs. Kate's arguments
based on status and reputation.
*403--How would you sum up Densher's forced choice and Kate's final
observations? Why does James end his sprawling novel this way? How do Milly's wings
cover them?
Overall Questions for The Wings of the Dove
- What finally is James saying about the relationship between economic
realities and aesthetics?
- What is he saying about the way we conceive of other realities,
places, and people?
- What is he suggesting about beauty, illness, and death? (i.e.
"the poetics of misfortune")
- Is Densher's crisis and recovery of a conscience convincing?
What motivates it? Is Kate right?
- What is James suggesting about the nature of consciousness and good
and evil?
- What, finally, are the wings of the dove?
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